FIG. 1.

Production of TNF-α and IL-6 by LAMP-induced THP-1 cells. (A) THP-1 cells were cultured in serum medium for 24 h in 24-well tissue culture plates, and the indicated concentrations of LAMPs were added to the medium (PBS or 100 ng ml⁻¹ of LPS was used as the negative or positive control, respectively). After being treated for 8 h, THP-1 cells were lysed, and the culture supernatants were assayed for the proinflammatory cytokines by ELISA (IL-6, left y axis; TNF-α, right y axis). Values represent the means ± standard deviations from three independent experiments assayed in duplicate. P < 0.05 (*) was considered significant. (B) LAMPs (2.0 μg ml⁻¹) or 100 ng ml⁻¹ LPS was added to the medium. After 8 h of culture, supernatant was collected and the concentration of TNF-α in the medium was determined by ELISA as described in Materials and Methods. Values represent the means ± standard deviations from three independent experiments assayed in duplicate.