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Schematic representation of reactions downstream of pyruvate in lactic acid bacteria. After entering bacteria, galactose is converted to pyruvate, which is then further catabolized by homolactic or mixed-acid fermentation pathways. iPFL, inactive PFL; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; POX, pyruvate oxidase; ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase; ACK, acetate kinase; PTA, phosphotransacetylase.
