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T. pallidum stably attaches to rabbit epithelial cells predominantly via its tip. Suspensions of treponemes freshly extracted from rabbit testes were incubated for 3 h with rabbit cottontail Sf1ep cells at a spirochete/cell ratio of 10:1. Micrographs show treponemes attached by one tip (A), by both tips (B), or along the cell cylinder (C). Bars, 10 μm.
