FIG. 5.

TNF-α induction by MHV-A59 infection is inhibited by JNK siRNAs. (A) Primary astrocytes were transfected with siRNAs to JNK1 and JNK2 singly or in combination or were transfected with a nonspecific siRNA (GloSiRNA). The cells were then infected with MHV-A59 at an MOI of 5 or mock infected. The cell lysates were collected at 24 h p.i. for detection of JNK, phosphorylated (P) c-Jun, and total (T) c-Jun by Western blotting using the respective antibodies. (B) Culture supernatants were collected at 24 h p.i. for detection of TNF-α protein by ELISA. The results are expressed as the mean number of picograms per milliliter for three independent experiments. The error bars indicate standard deviations of the means. The asterisks indicate a statistical significance between the pairs (P < 0.05).