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. 2009 Nov;48(6):785–789.

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Figure 2. — Euthanasia by rapid cooling compared with exposure to MS222. The time (s; mean ± SEM) from exposure until the fish lost the ability to swim was 4.90 ± 0.33 s for rapid cooling and 20.20 ±1.86 s for MS222. The time (s; mean ± SEM) from exposure until loss of the righting reflex was 4.90 ± 0.33 s for fish euthanized by rapid cooling and 25.90 ± 2.61 s for those exposed to MS222. The time (s; mean ± SEM) from exposure until death was 7.13 ± 0.27 s for rapid cooling compared with 53.52 ± 11.32 for MS222. For all observations, the difference between rapid cooling and MS222 was statistically significant (⁺, P < 0.0001; *, P ≤ 0.0005).