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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Nephrol. 2009 Oct;5(10):574–581. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2009.139

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Renal biopsy sample from a patient with HIVAN. HIV-1 messenger RNA is detected via an in situ hybridization methodology that leads to the formation of a purple stain.15 In infected cells, viral messenger RNAs transcribed from viral DNA are primarily found in the cytoplasm. a Hybridization-positive tubular epithelial cells and immune cells have infiltrated the interstitium (60× magnification). b Viral messenger RNAs are also present in podocytes and parietal epithelial cells (100× magnification). Abbreviation: HIVAN, HIV-associated nephropathy.