Table 3.
Adjusted* hazard ratios for prostate cancer mortality by baseline serum α-tocopherol, β-carotene, and retinol
| Category | n (deaths) | Hazard Ratio | 95% CI | P | p for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum α-tocopherol (range mg/L) | |||||
| Lowest Quintile (<9.4) | 379 (83) | 1 | |||
| 2nd Quintile (9.4– 10.9) | 378 (91) | 0.94 | (0.69, 1.28) | 0.71 | |
| 3rd Quintile (10.9– 12.2) | 389 (76) | 0.68 | (0.48, 0.96) | 0.03 | |
| 4th Quintile (12.3– 14.0) | 368 (71) | 0.75 | (0.52, 1.07) | 0.11 | |
| 5th Quintile (>14.0) | 377 (74) | 0.67 | (0.45, 1.00) | 0.05 | 0.03 |
| Serum α-tocopherol (range mg/L) | |||||
| Lowest & 2nd Quintile (< 10.9) | 757 (174) | 1 | |||
| 3rd– 5th Quintile (≥10.9) | 1134 (221) | 0.73 | (0.57, 0.93) | 0.01 | |
| Serum β-carotene (range mg/L) | |||||
| Lowest Quintile (<105) | 381 (77) | 1 | |||
| 2nd Quintile (105– 155) | 383 (82) | 1.07 | (0.78, 1.46) | 0.68 | |
| 3rd Quintile (156– 210) | 372 (76) | 1.04 | (0.76, 1.43) | 0.80 | |
| 4th Quintile (211– 299) | 378 (74) | 0.80 | (0.58, 1.12) | 0.19 | |
| 5th Quintile (>299) | 377 (86) | 1.01 | (0.74, 1.39) | 0.95 | 0.49 |
| Serum retinol (range mg/L) | |||||
| Lowest Quintile (<493) | 386 (74) | 1 | |||
| 2nd Quintile (493– 554) | 374 (78) | 1.13 | (0.82, 1.56) | 0.45 | |
| 3rd Quintile (555– 613) | 378 (92) | 1.20 | (0.88, 1.64) | 0.25 | |
| 4th Quintile (614– 691) | 376 (74) | 1.10 | (0.79, 1.52) | 0.57 | |
| 5th Quintile (>691) | 377 (77) | 1.17 | (0.84, 1.63) | 0.34 | 0.44 |
*
Adjusted for age at randomization, BMI, age at diagnosis, advanced stage of prostate cancer at diagnosis, years of smoking, and for α-tocopherol, cholesterol.