Table 1.

Clinical risk factors and bone densitometry results that are included in the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool algorithm

Age

Gender

Body mass index

History of fracture after the age of 45 to 50 years

Parent with hip fracture

Current smoking

Alcohol intake of greater than 2 units per day

Glucocorticoid use

Rheumatoid arthritis

Other causes of secondary osteoporosis:

- Untreated hypogonadism in men and women, anorexia nervosa, chemotherapy for breast and prostate cancer, and hypopituitarism

- Inflammatory bowel disease and prolonged immobility (for example, spinal cord injury, Parkinson disease, stroke, muscular dystrophy, and ankylosing spondylitis)

- Organ transplantation

- Type I diabetes and thyroid disorders (for example, untreated hyperthyroidism and overtreated hypothyroidism)

Results of bone densitometry using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of the femoral neck.