Dose- and time-dependent expression of TNF-α and adaptors TRAF6 and IRAK1 mRNA preceded that of miR-146a in LPS-stimulated monocytic THP-1 cells. THP-1 cells were treated with 0, 10, 100, or 1000 ng/ml LPS and incubated for 2, 4, 8, 12, or 24 h. Culture supernatants were collected at the indicated time points from 2 to 24 h for TNF-α protein analysis using ELISA (A). Total RNA were purified from the respective cell pellets and analyzed by qRT-PCR for the expression of TNF-α mRNA (B), miR-146a (C), miR-155 (D), miR-132 (E), miR-16 (F), IRAK-1 mRNA (G), and TRAF6 mRNA (H). mRNA and miRNA expression were normalized with control 18 S RNA and RNU44, respectively. All results are expressed as mean ± S.D. from three independent experiments. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01 compared with untreated cells.