Table 4.

Associations of obesity and body composition with change in GFR estimated from serum cystatin C.

	Annualized change in eGFR		Rapid decline in eGFR* (dichotomous outcome)
Measurement	Adjusted** difference ± SD	Adjusted† difference ± SD	Adjusted** odds ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted† odds ratio (95% CI)
Body mass index (kg/m2)
< 25.0	0.00 (Ref)	0.00 (Ref)	1.00 (Ref)	1.00 (Ref)
25.0–29.9	−0.14 ± 3.81	−0.07 ± 3.81	1.07 (0.92, 1.26)	1.01 (0.86, 1.18)
≥ 30.0	−0.15 ± 3.20	0.06 ± 3.32	1.00 (0.82, 1.22)	0.84 (0.69, 1.04)
Per 5 kg/m2 †	−0.09 ± 2.88	−0.01 ± 2.95	1.02 (0.94, 1.10)	0.95 (0.87, 1.03)
P†	0.1	0.8	0.6	0.2
Waist circumference (cm)
<82 (w); <92 (m)	0.00 (Ref)	0.00 (Ref)	1.00 (Ref)	1.00 (Ref)
82–91 (w); 92–96 (m)	−0.26 ± 3.68	−0.20 ± 3.68	1.12 (0.92, 1.36)	1.07 (0.88, 1.30)
92–100 (w); 97–103 (m)	−0.11 ± 3.66	−0.03 ± 3.66	1.01 (0.82, 1.23)	0.94 (0.77, 1.15)
≥101 (w); ≥103 (m)	−0.18 ± 3.67	0.01 ± 3.77	1.00 (0.82, 1.22)	0.85 (0.69, 1.04)
Per 12 cm†	−0.03 ± 1.05	−0.00 ± 1.05	1.00 (0.97, 1.03)	0.97 (0.95, 1.01)
P†	0.3	0.6	0.6	0.1
Fat mass (kg)
<28 (w); <45 (m)	0.00 (Ref)	0.00 (Ref)	1.00 (Ref)	1.00 (Ref)
28–33 (w); 25–30 (m)	−0.10 ± 3.67	−0.06 ± 3.67	0.99 (0.81, 1.20)	0.95 (0.78, 1.15)
34–41 (w); 31–36 (m)	−0.14 ± 3.70	−0.06 ± 3.70	1.01 (0.83, 1.23)	0.93 (0.76, 1.14)
>41 (w); >36 (m)	−0.06 ± 3.70	0.13 ± 3.80	0.89 (0.72, 1.08)	0.75 (0.61 0.93)
Per 10 kg†	−0.02 ± 1.25	0.01 ± 1.31	1.00 (0.96, 1.03)	0.97 (0.94, 1.01)
P†	0.6	0.3	0.6	0.1

^*Rapid decline in eGFR defined as loss exceeding 3 mL/min/1.73m²/year.

^**Adjusted for age, sex, race, and smoking.

^†Additionally adjusted for diabetes, hypertension and C-reactive protein. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is expressed in mL/min/1.73s m^2 and is calculated from serum cystatin C using the equation: 76.7 * [cystatin C]^−1.18. SD = standard deviation. CI = confidence interval. Evaluated as a continuous, linear exposure.

Abbreviation: ref, reference.