Table 1.
Coffee Consumption |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | None | 1 cup/month to 6 cups/wk | 1 cup/day to 13 cups/wk | ≥2 cups/ day | P -Value ‡ | |
Characteristics | (n = 344) | (n=104) | (n=86) | (n=89) | (n=65) | |
Age, y | 57.1 (6.4) | 55.5 (6) | 55.8 (6) | 59.2 (6.2) | 58.7 (6.7) | <0.001 |
Ethnicity, % | ||||||
Caucasian | 64.8 | 52.0 | 53.5 | 72 | 90.8 | <0.001 |
African American | 28.2 | 39 | 39.5 | 19 | 7.7 | |
Hispanic/other | 7 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 1.5 | |
Current hormone therapy, % | 46.5 | 43.3 | 47.7 | 49.4 | 46.2 | 0.85 |
Arthritis, % | 27 | 23.1 | 23.3 | 38.2 | 23.1 | 0.06 |
Alcohol use, g/day | 1.7 (2.4) | 1.2 (2) | 1.9 (2.4) | 1.9 (2.6) | 1.7 (2.4) | 0.17 |
Weight, kg | 84.0 (12.1) | 84 (12.5) | 85.2 (11.3) | 83.3 (12.8) | 83.6 (11.6) | 0.75 |
Waist circumference, cm | 100.6 (12.2) | 101.1 (11.3) | 99.9 (12.3) | 101.6 (13.7) | 99.2 (11.3) | 0.59 |
Body mass index, kg/m2† | 31.6 (3.9) | 31.6 (3.8) | 31.9 (3.4) | 31.5 (4.3) | 31.5 (3.6) | 0.87 |
Cardiorespiratory fitness, ml/kg per min | 15.4 (3.2) | 15.1 (3.2) | 15.9 (3.1) | 15.6 (2.9) | 15.0 (3.8) | 0.27 |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 121.0 (26.5) | 122.9 (24.7) | 122.8 (26.3) | 118.3 (26) | 119.0 (30) | 0.52 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 58.5 (14.8) | 57.3 (12.4) | 58.0 (12.9) | 60.1 (16.8) | 58.8 (17.3) | 0.61 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL | 130.1 (66.9) | 128.9 (65.1) | 130.0 (58.9) | 129.0 (75.6) | 133.5 (68.6) | 0.97 |
Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 94.4 (9.8) | 92.6 (10.7) | 95.1 (10.2) | 95.1 (9) | 95.5 (8.5) | 0.14 |
Blood pressure, mm Hg | ||||||
Systolic | 140.6 (13.1) | 138.8 (12.6) | 140.5 (11.4) | 140.6 (13.3) | 143.8 (15.4) | 0.12 |
Diastolic | 81.5 (8.4) | 81.3 (8) | 83.8 (7.5) | 80.3 (9.5) | 80.5 (8.2) | 0.02 |
Abbreviations: LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HR, heart rate; VO2, volume of oxygen consumed
Continuous variables presented as means (SD) and dichotomous variables presented as percentages.
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared
For between group differences