Table 1.
Baseline Participant Characteristics*
| Coffee Consumption |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | None | 1 cup/month to 6 cups/wk | 1 cup/day to 13 cups/wk | ≥2 cups/ day | P -Value ‡ | |
| Characteristics | (n = 344) | (n=104) | (n=86) | (n=89) | (n=65) | |
| Age, y | 57.1 (6.4) | 55.5 (6) | 55.8 (6) | 59.2 (6.2) | 58.7 (6.7) | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity, % | ||||||
| Caucasian | 64.8 | 52.0 | 53.5 | 72 | 90.8 | <0.001 |
| African American | 28.2 | 39 | 39.5 | 19 | 7.7 | |
| Hispanic/other | 7 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 1.5 | |
| Current hormone therapy, % | 46.5 | 43.3 | 47.7 | 49.4 | 46.2 | 0.85 |
| Arthritis, % | 27 | 23.1 | 23.3 | 38.2 | 23.1 | 0.06 |
| Alcohol use, g/day | 1.7 (2.4) | 1.2 (2) | 1.9 (2.4) | 1.9 (2.6) | 1.7 (2.4) | 0.17 |
| Weight, kg | 84.0 (12.1) | 84 (12.5) | 85.2 (11.3) | 83.3 (12.8) | 83.6 (11.6) | 0.75 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 100.6 (12.2) | 101.1 (11.3) | 99.9 (12.3) | 101.6 (13.7) | 99.2 (11.3) | 0.59 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2† | 31.6 (3.9) | 31.6 (3.8) | 31.9 (3.4) | 31.5 (4.3) | 31.5 (3.6) | 0.87 |
| Cardiorespiratory fitness, ml/kg per min | 15.4 (3.2) | 15.1 (3.2) | 15.9 (3.1) | 15.6 (2.9) | 15.0 (3.8) | 0.27 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 121.0 (26.5) | 122.9 (24.7) | 122.8 (26.3) | 118.3 (26) | 119.0 (30) | 0.52 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 58.5 (14.8) | 57.3 (12.4) | 58.0 (12.9) | 60.1 (16.8) | 58.8 (17.3) | 0.61 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 130.1 (66.9) | 128.9 (65.1) | 130.0 (58.9) | 129.0 (75.6) | 133.5 (68.6) | 0.97 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 94.4 (9.8) | 92.6 (10.7) | 95.1 (10.2) | 95.1 (9) | 95.5 (8.5) | 0.14 |
| Blood pressure, mm Hg | ||||||
| Systolic | 140.6 (13.1) | 138.8 (12.6) | 140.5 (11.4) | 140.6 (13.3) | 143.8 (15.4) | 0.12 |
| Diastolic | 81.5 (8.4) | 81.3 (8) | 83.8 (7.5) | 80.3 (9.5) | 80.5 (8.2) | 0.02 |
Abbreviations: LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HR, heart rate; VO2, volume of oxygen consumed
*
Continuous variables presented as means (SD) and dichotomous variables presented as percentages.
†
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared
‡
For between group differences