Model for GDF-9 regulation of prostaglandin and progesterone synthesis in cumulus granulosa cells. Based on the findings of our group (this manuscript and ref. 24), and those of others (2–5, 7, 11, 12, 19–21, 29, 39), we have formulated a simple model for the effects of GDF-9 in the periovulatory period. The combined effects of this extended signal transduction are essential for cumulus expansion, ovulation, fimbrial capture, fertilization, and unknown oviductal effects.