Table 1.
Vif amino acid | Amino acid substitutionsb | A3G/A3F affected | References |
---|---|---|---|
W11 | A | A3F | [92, 93] |
Q12 | A | A3F | [93] |
14DRMR17 | single A substitutions or14AAAA17 | A3F | [93] |
K22 | E, D | A3G | [91, 101, 102] |
23SLV25 | V25S, AAAc | A3F only (V25S) or A3G and A3F | [101, 102] |
K26 | A, D, R | A3G | [101, 102] |
40YRHHY44 | single A substitutions or 40AAAAA44, H42N, H43N | A3G | [93, 124] |
E45 | G | A3G | [91] |
N48 | A | A3G | [93] |
69YxxL72 | Y69Ad, L72Ad, L72Sc | A3G and A3F | [99, 100, 103] |
E76 | A | A3F | [99, 100] |
W79 | A | A3F | [92, 99, 100] |
Abbreviations: HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1; Vif, virion infectivity factor; A3G, APOBEC3G; A3F, APOBEC3F
For the amino acids listed, at least one substitution caused Vif activity to be reduced by more than 50% against A3G or A3F, but at least 80% activity was maintained towards the other APOBEC3 protein in infectivity assays.
Vif activity against both A3G and A3F was affected in infectivity assays, but the ability to bind A3G/A3F was maintained.
Vif activity against both A3G and A3F was affected, but the ability to bind Cullin 5 was maintained.