FIG. 8.

GeneChip analysis of the human microvascular endothelial cell transcriptome. Heat map illustrating how DC and C₉₅ curcumin regulate TNF-α–inducible genes. HMEC-1 cells were treated with DC or C₉₅ (1 μg/ml) for 24 h followed by activation with TNF-α (50 ng/ml) for 6 h. (A) All genes that showed a twofold or higher increase in response to TNF-α challenge (versus untreated control group) were subjected to hierarchical clustering. This cluster included a total of 1,195 probe sets. (B) The cluster in (A) was further subclustered to identify TNF-α–inducible genes that were specifically downregulated after DC treatment but not by C₉₅ curcumin. This set included a total of 1,065 probe sets. Major functional pathways in this cluster were identified and are presented as Figs. 9–12. Genes were sorted based on fold change compared with an untreated control group, and the top 50 (based on highest fold change) in the TNF-α group are presented in Table 1. (C) The cluster presented in (A) was subclustered to identify TNF-α–inducible genes that were specifically downregulated after C₉₅ treatment but not in response to DC treatment. Genes sorted based on fold change between TNF-α–treated and the untreated control groups are presented in Table 2. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertonline.com/ars).