Table 1. Diabetic Model.

Effects of insulin treatment on diabetes-induced changes in blood glucose, blood insulin (non-fasted values), body weight, brain weight and brain weight/body weight ratio. Insulin treatment reduced or prevented diabetes-induced changes in blood glucose, blood insulin, body weight, brain weight, and brain weight/body weight ratio at 4 weeks (Control: n = 13; Diabetic + Insulin: n = 13; Diabetic: n = 13) and 8 weeks (Control: n = 13; Diabetic + Insulin: n = 13; Diabetic: n = 13) of diabetes duration.

	Control	Diabetic + Insulin	Diabetic
Blood Glucose (mg/dl)
4 wks	118.6 ± 1.6	137.4 ± 14.5	583.0 ± 9.6 a
8 wks	122.4 ± 2.3	128.2 ± 6.6	599.1 ± 0.9 a
Blood Insulin (ng/ml)
4 wks	2.86 ± 0.26	3.09 ± 0.31	0.24 ± 0.03 a
8 wks	2.54 ± 0.21	4.17 ± 0.47 b	0.17 ± 0.02 a
Body Weight (g)
Initial *	257 ± 5	258 ± 5	259 ± 6
4 wks	405 ± 7	387 ± 9	299 ± 12 a
8 wks	463 ± 16	449 ± 10	332 ± 13 a
Brain Weight (g)
4 wks	1.957 ± 0.020	1.969 ± 0.016	1.836 ± 0.013 a
8 wks	2.007 ± 0.023	2.048 ± 0.014	1.825 ± 0.020 a
Brain Weight/Body Weight Ratio
4 wks	0.0048 ± 0.00008	0.0051 ± 0.0001	0.0063 ± 0.0003 a
8 wks	0.0044 ± 0.0001	0.0046 ± 0.0001	0.0056 ± 0.0002 a

^*1The initial body weight includes the pooled data from both the 4 and 8 week groups (Control: n = 26; Diabetic + Insulin: n = 26; Diabetic: n = 26). Values represent means ± SEM of animals used in studies for protein determination and glutamate uptake

^ap < 0.01 from Control and Diabetic + Insulin;

^bp < 0.01 from Control.