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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Lab Invest. 2009 Oct 19;89(12):1397–1409. doi: 10.1038/labinvest.2009.115

Figure 8. Curcumin eliminates the effect of insulin and induces gene expression of GCLc and GCLm in activated HSCs in vitro.

Figure 8

Serum-starved HSCs were stimulated with insulin at indicated concentrations in the absence (A & B) or presence (C & D) of curcumin at 0–30μM in serum-free media for 24 hr. Total RNA or whole cell extracts were prepared for real-time PCR assays (A & C), or Western blotting analyses (B & D). β-actin was used as an invariant internal control for calculating mRNA fold changes (n=3). *p<0.05, versus cells with no treatment (the corresponding 1st column on the left in A & C); ‡p<0.05, versus cells treated with insulin only (the corresponding 2nd column on the left in A & C). β-actin was used as an internal control for equal loading (B & D). A representative was shown from three independent experiments.