Table 3.
Associations of Respondent and Network Characteristics with Male and Female Condom Use among Women Recruited from Family Planning Clinics in the U.S. in 2003–2004: Results of Bivariate and Multivariate Analyses† (N=157)
| Male Condom Use | Female Condom Use | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)± |
Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)± |
|
| Respondent Characteristics: | ||||
| Ethnicity | --- | --- | ||
| African American | 0.53 (0.17, 1.63) | 0.77 (0.16, 3.74) | ||
| Asian American | 0.63 (0.19, 2.07) | 1.36 (0.34, 5.45) | ||
| Latina | 0.97 (0.38, 2.45) | 2.14 (0.83, 5.53) | ||
| White | Reference | Reference | ||
| Age | --- | --- | ||
| 18 – 20 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| 21 – 24 | 0.91 (0.41, 2.04) | 0.99 (0.40, 2.45) | 1.31 (0.43, 4.00) | |
| 25 – 29 | 1.25 (0.42, 3.74) | 0.33 (0.07, 1.63) | 0.23 (0.04, 1.52) | |
| 30 – 40 | 0.99 (0.27, 3.64) | 1.53 (0.41, 5.81) | 4.09 (0.80, 21.01) | |
| Education | --- | --- | ||
| Less than high school or high school | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Some college | 1.28 (0.57, 2.86) | 1.13 (0.48, 2.69) | 1.84 (0.68, 4.96) | |
| College graduate + | 0.61 (0.21, 1.76) | 0.34 (0.10, 1.14) | 1.41 (0.35, 5.62) | |
| Had 2+ male sexual partners in the past 3 months |
4.80 (1.60, 14.45)** | 6.99 (2.13, 22.90)** | 0.67 (0.25, 1.78) | --- |
| Had a steady partner in the past 3 months | 0.65 (0.26, 1.64) | --- | 1.05 (0.39,2.84) | --- |
| Had a lifetime history of STIs | 1.26 (0.58, 2.73) | 1.19 (0.51, 2.80) | ||
| Network Characteristics: | ||||
| Number of network members | --- | --- | ||
| 3 – 5 | 2.12 (0.89, 5.07) | 11.25 (3.30, 38.33)*** | ||
| 1 – 2 | 1.93 (0.83, 4.51) | 4.69 (1.69, 13.02)** | ||
| 0 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Network density >0 | 1.69 (0.80, 3.57) | 9.53 (3.91, 23.24)*** | 8.42 (3.05, 23.29)*** | |
| Network member being a friend | 1.73 (0.85, 3.50) | --- | 6.06 (2.48, 14.81) | --- |
| Network member being a family member | 2.33 (0.75, 7.24) | --- | 3.66 (1.16, 11.50)* | --- |
| Network member being a co-worker | 3.72 (0.14, 99.44) ‡ | --- | 0.83 (0.09, 7.36) | --- |
| Network member being a health care worker |
0.79 (0.07, 8.93) | --- | 0.83 (0.09, 7.36) | --- |
| Respondent knowing network member’s male condom use |
1.97 (0.97, 4.00) | --- | NA | NA |
| Respondent knowing network member’s female condom use |
NA | NA | 3.42 (1.25, 9.35)* | --- |
| Network member encouraging using male condoms |
2.81 (1.33, 5.92)** | 3.39 (1.52, 7.56)** | NA | NA |
| Network member encouraging using female condoms |
NA | NA | 6.84 (2.77, 16.94)*** | 6.03 (1.95, 18.61)** |
| Network member discouraging using male condoms |
2.46 (0.29, 21.02) | --- | NA | NA |
| Network member discouraging using female condoms |
NA | NA | 1.20 (0.31, 4.59) | --- |
OR, odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NA, not applicable; ---, eliminated in the final multivariate model
*
p < 0.05
**
p < 0.01
***
p < 0.001
†
Multivarite models used stepwise selection to include effects with p-values <0.20
±
The numbers of observations included in the final multivariate models were 153 and 152 for male and female condom use outcomes, respectively.
‡
Firth's (1993)14 bias reduction method used because of sparse data