Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the 654 participants: Rancho Bernardo, CA, 1997–1999.
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), years | 75.5 (8.5) |
| Men, No. (%) | 238 (36.4) |
| Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 25.6 (4.1) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio, mean (SD) | 0.876 (0.085) |
| Alcohol intake, median (IQR), g/wk | 29.9 (0–97.4) |
| Current smoker, No. (%) | 27 (4.2) |
| Former smoker, No. (%) | 323 (49.4) |
| Exercise > 3 times/wk, No. (%) | 488 (74.6) |
| Calcium supplement user, No. (%) | 301 (46.1) |
| Vitamin D supplement user, No. (%) | 154 (23.6) |
| Systolic BP, mean (SD), mmHg | 136.9 (19.9) |
| Diastolic BP, mean (SD), mmHg | 74.1 (9.8) |
| Hypertension, No. (%) | 395 (60.4) |
| Fasting glucose, mean (SD), mg/dL | 103.5 (19.1) |
| Diabetes, No. (%) | 70 (10.7) |
| Total cholesterol:HDL ratio, mean (SD) | 3.72 (1.14) |
| eGFR, mean (SD), ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 73.7 (18.3) |
| 25-hydroxyvitamin D, mean (SD), ng/mL | 41.5 (14.1) |
| 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, mean (SD), ng/L | 32.4 (17.3) |
| Parathyroid hormone, geometric mean (95% CI), ng/L | 45.7 (44.2, 47.3) |
| Common carotid IMT, geometric mean (95% CI), mm | 0.946 (0.931, 0.961) |
| Internal carotid IMT, geometric mean (95% CI), mm | 1.325 (1.279, 1.373) |
SD indicates standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IMT, intima-media thickness.