Table 2.
Characteristics of participants according to quintiles (Q) 1, 3, and 5 of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [l,25(OH)2D], and parathyroid hormone concentration: Rancho Bernardo, CA, 1997–1999.
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) |
l,25(OH)2D (ng/L) |
Parathyroid hormone (ng/L) |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (<32.0) |
Q3 (38.0–43.0) |
Q5 (>49.0) |
Ptrend | Q1 (<20.0) |
Q3 (27.0–34.0) |
Q5 (>42.0) |
Ptrend | Q1 (<34.0) |
Q3 (42.0–50.0) |
Q5 (>64.0) |
Ptrend | |
| No. | 119 | 148 | 137 | -- | 126 | 148 | 138 | -- | 129 | 128 | 133 | -- |
| Age, years | 77.8 | 76.0 | 73.7 | < 0.001 | 77.4 | 74.1 | 74.4 | 0.006 | 75.4 | 74.4 | 75.5 | 0.185 |
| Men, (%) | 21.0 | 39.2 | 41.6 | < 0.001 | 39.8 | 35.8 | 28.3 | 0.033 | 32.6 | 38.6 | 34.6 | 0.468 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.6 | 25.8 | 25.0 | 0.027 | 24.7 | 25.8 | 25.6 | 0.213 | 25.2 | 25.2 | 26.6 | 0.005 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.862 | 0.880 | 0.875 | 0.075 | 0.885 | 0.874 | 0.858 | 0.012 | 0.867 | 0.880 | 0.875 | 0.332 |
| Alcohol intake, g/wk | 50.7 | 53.8 | 91.5 | < 0.001 | 53.6 | 66.5 | 72.5 | 0.038 | 65.9 | 64.8 | 64.0 | 0.772 |
| Current smoker, (%) | 5.0 | 2.7 | 5.1 | 0.942 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 0.462 | 8.5 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 0.083 |
| Exercise > 3 times/wk, (%) | 58.8 | 75.0 | 83.2 | < 0.001 | 75.2 | 77.0 | 80.4 | 0.146 | 82.2 | 70.5 | 67.7 | < 0.001 |
| Calcium supplement user, (%) | 39.0 | 44.6 | 50.4 | 0.040 | 49.1 | 46.6 | 43.5 | 0.354 | 59.7 | 43.2 | 39.1 | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin D supplement user, (%) | 14.4 | 24.3 | 29.9 | 0.010 | 22.3 | 25.7 | 20.3 | 0.352 | 34.1 | 16.7 | 24.8 | 0.037 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 142.8 | 134.0 | 136.5 | 0.044 | 140.0 | 134.3 | 136.6 | 0.148 | 137.8 | 134.7 | 136.9 | 0.593 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 74.5 | 73.2 | 74.5 | 0.567 | 73.8 | 74.8 | 74.5 | 0.594 | 73.0 | 75.3 | 74.4 | 0.521 |
| Hypertension, (%) | 63.9 | 56.8 | 62.0 | 0.830 | 64.6 | 50.0 | 58.7 | 0.525 | 62.0 | 59.9 | 64.7 | 0.289 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 106.2 | 102.8 | 101.9 | 0.123 | 104.8 | 105.3 | 100.8 | 0.066 | 100.8 | 105.8 | 107.1 | 0.111 |
| Diabetes, (%) | 13.5 | 9.5 | 8.8 | 0.209 | 14.2 | 12.8 | 8.7 | 0.248 | 7.0 | 9.9 | 14.3 | 0.078 |
| Total cholesterol:HDL ratio | 3.702 | 3.782 | 3.613 | 0.783 | 3.898 | 3.695 | 3.606 | 0.037 | 3.623 | 3.685 | 3.948 | 0.045 |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 73.5 | 73.3 | 73.9 | 0.669 | 67.6 | 76.4 | 76.8 | < 0.001 | 72.9 | 74.7 | 72.8 | 0.748 |
Values presented are the mean unless otherwise indicated.
BP indicates blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.