Table 3.
Adjusted geometric mean (95% CI) common carotid artery IMT and internal carotid artery IMT according to quintiles (Q) of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [l,25(OH)2D], and parathyroid hormone concentration: Rancho Bernardo, CA, 1997–1999.
| Common Carotid Artery IMT (mm) |
Internal Carotid Artery IMT (mm) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintiles | Model 1* | Model 2† | Model 1* | Model 2† |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | ||||
| Ql (<32.0) | 0.979(0.939, 1.021) | 0.971 (0.928, 1.017) | 1.530(1.389, 1.686) | 1.577(1.421, 1.750) |
| Q2 (32.0–37.9) | 0.953 (0.915,0.993) | 0.946 (0.905, 0.989) | 1.430(1.300, 1.573) | 1.477(1.333, 1.638) |
| Q3 (38.0–43.0) | 0.946 (0.909, 0.985) | 0.941 (0.900, 0.983) | 1.350(1.230, 1.481) | 1.402(1.267, 1.552) |
| Q4 (43.1–49.0) | 0.963 (0.922, 1.006) | 0.956(0.912, 1.003) | 1.364(1.233, 1.510) | 1.417(1.270, 1.580) |
| Q5 (> 49.0) | 0.978 (0.940, 1.018) | 0.969(0.928, 1.013) | 1.343 (1.225, 1.472) | 1.383 (1.250, 1.530) |
| Ptrend | 0.795 | 0.834 | 0.023 | 0.022 |
| l,25(OH)2D (ng/L) | ||||
| Ql (<20.0) | 0.956 (0.916, 0.997) | 0.950 (0.908, 0.994) | 1.449(1.314, 1.599) | 1.492(1.344, 1.656) |
| Q2 (20.0–26.9) | 0.991 (0.952, 1.031) | 0.983 (0.940, 1.028) | 1.392(1.267, 1.529) | 1.441 (1.298, 1.600) |
| Q3 (27.0–34.0) | 0.951 (0.914,0.989) | 0.949 (0.909, 0.990) | 1.402(1.279, 1.537) | 1.460(1.322, 1.612) |
| Q4 (34.1–42.0) | 0.952 (0.913, 0.992) | 0.944 (0.902, 0.988) | 1.414(1.284, 1.556) | 1.458 (1.412, 1.621) |
| Q5 (> 42.0) | 0.970(0.931,0.992) | 0.964(0.921, 1.009) | 1.361 (1.237, 1.498) | 1.404(1.265, 1.558) |
| Ptrend | 0.857 | 0.829 | 0.393 | 0.386 |
| Parathyroid hormone (ng/L) | ||||
| Ql (<34.0) | 0.954(0.917,0.993) | 0.946 (0.904, 0.989) | 1.390(1.266, 1.527) | 1.441 (1.299, 1.598) |
| Q2 (34.0–41.9) | 0.939 (0.900, 0.979) | 0.934 (0.892, 0.978) | 1.317(1.195, 1.452) | 1.370(1.234, 1.522) |
| Q3 (42.0–50.0) | 0.978 (0.939, 1.019) | 0.971 (0.928, 1.015) | 1.429(1.300, 1.570) | 1.478 (1.334, 1.639) |
| Q4 (50.1–64.0) | 0.980(0.941, 1.020) | 0.973 (0.931, 1.018) | 1.440(1.310, 1.582) | 1.494(1.348, 1.655) |
| Q5 (> 64.0) | 0.969(0.931, 1.009) | 0.961 (0.919, 1.004) | 1.430(1.310, 1.572) | 1.473 (1.330, 1.631) |
| Ptrend | 0.197 | 0.202 | 0.263 | 0.315 |
CI indicates confidence interval; IMT, intima-media thickness.
*
Model 1 adjusts for age, sex, smoking (current, former, never), alcohol intake (g/wk), waist-to-hip ratio (continuous), exercise ≥ 3 times/wk (yes/no), and season of blood draw (spring, summer, fall, winter).
†
Model 2 adjusts for variables in Model 1 in addition to diabetes (yes/no) and hypertension (yes/no).