Table 3. Total costs of screening (ages 55–70 with a 4-year interval) and treatment of a cohort of 100 000 men of all ages in the period 2008–2033 in kEuro (2008).
|
Screening
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No screening | Total | Clinicala | Relevanta | Overdetecteda | |
| PSA tests | 0 | 3045 | 574 (19%) | 1032 (34%) | 1439 (47%) |
| Biopsies | 1129 | 3391 | 639 (19%) | 1149 (34%) | 1602 (47%) |
| Active surveillance | 784 | 2342 | 475 (20%) | 694 (30%) | 1173 (50%) |
| Radical prostatectomy | 8704 | 18 947 | 4976 (26%) | 6066 (32%) | 7906 (42%) |
| Radiation therapy | 10 293 | 25 942 | 5987 (23%) | 8405 (32%) | 11 550 (45%) |
| Palliative therapy | 6417 | 3751 | 3227 (86%) | 524 (14%) | 0 (0%) |
| Palliative therapy after primary treatment | 2957 | 3277 | 1634 (50%) | 1643 (50%) | 0 (0%) |
| Total costs | 30 284 | 60 695 | 17 512 (29%) | 19 513 (32%) | 23 669 (39%) |
Abbreviation: PSA=prostate-specific antigen.
a
Cancers detected in the situation with screening are divided in clinically detected cancers (interval cancers), relevant cancers (screen-detected cancers that would have given rise to clinical symptoms later in life) and overdetected cancers (screen-detected cancers that would never given rise to clinical symptoms and would not lead to death caused by prostate cancer).