Intrinsic Trp fluorescence of Gαi. (A) Location of 3 native Trp residues (red) in GαiGDP-AlF4 (PDB 1GFI) with nucleotide rendered in space fill. NT, last resolved residue (33) in N-terminus. (B, C) Normalized emission of 400 nM Gαi (B, wt Gαi; C, Gαi HI), ex/em 280/310–400 nm, before (dotted) and after (solid) activation with AlF4. Control, inset: Gα proteins demonstrate ≥40% increase in intrinsic Trp fluorescence upon AlF4 activation (raw data).