Table 1.

Pleiotropic effects reported for pitavastatin

Endothelial function	eNOS mRNA expression↑, ET-1 mRNA expression↓22
Monocyte activation/endothelium-adhesion/migration	Monocyte adhesion on endothelium↓,21 MCP-1 mRNA expression↓,22 IL-8 production/mRNA expression↓,20,22 NF-κB transactivation↓,28 ICAM-1 mRNA expression↓29
Foam cell formation/cholesterol accumulation	SMC proliferation↓,25,30 SMC migration↓,30 CD36 mRNA/protein expression↓,31 Cholesterol accumulation in macrophage↓, apoB48R expression↓32
Plaque stabilization	Accumulation of macrophages↓, collagen↑, MMPs↓19
Thrombosis formation	TF mRNA/protein expression↓,23 PAI-1 mRNA expression/antigen secretion/activity↓,22,23 t-PA mRNA expression/antigen secretion↑,23 TM mRNA expression/cellular antigen/transcription rate↑22,24
Inflammatory markers	CRP↓,33 PTX3 mRNA expression↓22,26
Anti-oxidation	ROS production↓,34 PON1 promoter activity↑35

Notes: ↑, enhance or increase; ↓, suppress or decrease

Abbreviations: eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; eT-1, endothelin 1; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; IL-8, interleukin 8; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; SMC, smooth muscle cell; MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases; TF, tissue factor; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; t-PA, tissue plasminogen activator; TM, thrombomodulin; CRP, C-reactive protein; PTX3, pentraxin 3; ROS, reactive oxygen species; PON1, paraoxonase 1.