Table 2.
Number of participants (N), age-adjusted prevalence (%) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of GHQ-12 3+ by explanatory and mediating variables, Helsinki.
| Helsinki women | Helsinki men | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Prevalence % of GHQ-12 3+ | OR (CI) | N | Prevalence % of GHQ-12 3+ | OR (CI) | |
| Total | 3236 | 27 | 713 | 23 | ||
| Parental education | ||||||
| Higher | 678 | 30 | 1.00 | 206 | 23 | 1.00 |
| Intermediate | 823 | 26 | 0.82 (0.65-1.03) | 182 | 21 | 0.86 (0.52-1.42) |
| Basic | 1735 | 26 | 0.81 (0.66-0.98) | 326 | 24 | 1.05 (0.69-1.59) |
| Childhood economic difficulties | ||||||
| No difficulties | 2635 | 25 | 1.00 | 601 | 21 | 1.00 |
| Difficulties | 601 | 34 | 1.56 (1.28-1.90) | 112 | 31 | 1.72 (1.09-2.72) |
| Own education | ||||||
| Higher | 878 | 27 | 1.00 | 305 | 23 | 1.00 |
| Intermediate | 1106 | 29 | 1.11 (0.91-1.35) | 225 | 22 | 0.93 (0.61-1.41) |
| Basic | 1251 | 25 | 0.93 (0.76-1.13) | 183 | 23 | 0.95 (0.61-1.48) |
| Occupational class | ||||||
| Administrative/managerial | 247 | 28 | 1.00 | 187 | 23 | 1.00 |
| Professional/semi-professional | 1407 | 27 | 0.93 (0.68-1.26) | 439 | 23 | 1.06 (0.70-1.61) |
| Clerical | 1582 | 26 | 0.87 (0.65-1.18) | 87 | 18 | 0.81 (0.42-1.55) |
| Household income | ||||||
| Highest group | 677 | 23 | 1.00 | 168 | 24 | 1.00 |
| 2nd | 928 | 26 | 1.16 (0.91-1.47) | 190 | 23 | 1.00 (0.60-1.65) |
| 3rd | 796 | 27 | 1.22 (0.95-1.56) | 198 | 21 | 0.84 (0.50-1.40) |
| Lowest group | 835 | 29 | 1.34 (1.05-1.70) | 157 | 25 | 1.12 (0.66-1.90) |
| Housing tenure | ||||||
| Owner-occupier | 2275 | 26 | 1.00 | 550 | 22 | 1.00 |
| Renter | 961 | 27 | 1.06 (0.89-1.26) | 163 | 25 | 1.15 (0.76-1.75) |
| Living arrangements | ||||||
| Alone | 805 | 29 | 1.00 | 166 | 26 | 1.00 |
| With spouse/partner | 820 | 24 | 0.77 (0.62-0.96) | 197 | 23 | 0.76 (0.45-1.28) |
| Alone with children | 214 | 33 | 1.02 (0.71-1.46) | 19 | 32 | 1.49 (0.53-4.21) |
| With spouse/partner and children | 706 | 24 | 0.82 (0.63-1.06) | 212 | 19 | 0.71 (0.42-1.17) |
| Other | 691 | 28 | 0.94 (0.74-1.19) | 118 | 25 | 0.99 (0.56-1.74) |
| Current smoking | ||||||
| No | 2553 | 26 | 1.00 | 543 | 20 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 683 | 31 | 1.29 (1.07-1.56) | 170 | 30 | 1.70 (1.15-2.52) |
| Heavy drinking | ||||||
| No | 3026 | 26 | 1.00 | 666 | 23 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 210 | 32 | 1.33 (0.98-1.81) | 47 | 22 | 1.03 (0.50-2.11) |
| Physical inactivity | ||||||
| No | 2592 | 26 | 1.00 | 573 | 20 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 644 | 30 | 1.21 (1.00-1.46) | 140 | 31 | 1.81 (1.19-2.75) |
| Obesity | ||||||
| No | 2768 | 26 | 1.00 | 613 | 22 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 468 | 32 | 1.24 (1.00-1.54) | 100 | 26 | 1.27 (0.78-2.07) |
| Family-to-work conflict | ||||||
| Low | 1581 | 18 | 1.00 | 376 | 14 | 1.00 |
| Average | 1188 | 32 | 2.18 (1.82-2.63) | 245 | 25 | 2.07 (1.37-3.13) |
| High | 257 | 56 | 6.40 (0.48-8.55) | 55 | 55 | 7.48 (4.05-13.80) |
| Not applicable/ no family | 211 | 32 | 1.99 (1.45-2.74) | 37 | 34 | 2.46 (1.14-5.33) |
| Work-to-family conflict | ||||||
| Low | 595 | 12 | 1.00 | 142 | 8 | 1.00 |
| Average | 1899 | 24 | 2.46 (1.84-3.28) | 403 | 18 | 2.36 (1.24-4.51) |
| High | 530 | 52 | 8.21 (5.97-11.30) | 131 | 48 | 9.91 (4.97-19.74) |
| Not applicable/ no family | 211 | 32 | 3.35 (2.26-4.96) | 37 | 34 | 4.38 (1.73-11.08) |