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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Dec 4.
Published in final edited form as: Bipolar Disord. 2009 May;11(3):256–269. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00675.x

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Valproate (VPA) inhibited caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation. Human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) were treated with VPA (0.8 mM) in serum-free medium for three days, and Fas-ligand (25 ng/ml) was added to the medium during the last day of treatment. Immunoblot analyses were performed with anti-caspase-8, anti-caspase-3, and anti-β-actin antibodies. Pro-caspase and/or cleaved caspase bands were quantified with Kodak Image Station. VPA significantly inhibited caspase-8 and caspase-3 cleavage (n = 6). ap < 0.05.