FIGURE 2.

TNF-α action on Akt and ERK phosphorylation after glucose stimulation in rat primary beta cells. A and B, cells were harvested after culture under basal conditions (white bars) or after 1 h of stimulation with glucose (16.7 mm) (dark bars) under normal conditions or after 24 h of treatment with TNF-α (20 ng/ml). *, p < 0.05 versus 2.8 mm glucose control condition; #, p < 0.05 versus 16.7 mm glucose control condition. A, representative Western blot and densitometry highlighting Akt Ser-473 phosphorylation. Western blots were scanned and quantified and data presented for n = 5 independent experiments. B, representative immunoblot and densitometry showing ERK1/2 phosphorylation.