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Cytokine profiles in berberine-treated NOD mice. 11-week-old female NOD mice were orally administered with vehicle or berberine daily for 14 days. Splenocytes were prepared and cultured with α-CD3 antibodies at the indicated concentration for 48 h. The supernatant was harvested, and the concentration of IL-17 (A), IL-6 (B), IFNγ (C), and TNFα (D) was measured by ELISA (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01, n = 3).
