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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Dec 4.
Published in final edited form as: J Learn Disabil. 2009 Apr 20;42(4):356–371. doi: 10.1177/0022219409335211

Table 4.

Percentage of Participants Committing None (N) or Some (S) Errors by Group or Grade

Group Grade


No LD RD MD MD+RD 3 4






Error Type N S N S N S N S N S N S
Math fact 65 35 62 38 49 51 47 53 51 49 62 38
Procedural bugs 74 26 70 30 37 63 34 66 43 57 68 32
Procedural slips 53 47 56 44 41 59 49 51 41 59 62 38
Visual-spatial 94 6 83 17 90 10 81 19 83 17 92 8
Switch 80 20 82 18 76 24 73 27 76 24 79 21

Note: MD = math difficulty; MD+RD = math and reading difficulty; No LD = no learning difficulty; RD = reading difficulty.