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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Nov 30.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2009 Aug 26;61(14):1324–1331. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.05.008

Scheme 2.

Scheme 2

Brief and long bouts of ischemia induce increases in mitochondrial free radical production. However, depending upon the ischemic duration, the outcome can either be activation of cardioprotective signals or catastrophic cell death.