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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2009 Oct;37(4):203–210. doi: 10.1097/JES.0b013e3181b7ea29

Figure 4.

Figure 4

A schematic of a general muscle metabolic cost model implemented in a forward dynamics simulation framework. Activation heat rate (Ȧ) and maintenance heat rate (Ṁ) are commonly grouped together and depend on the muscle activation and the percentage of fiber types for each muscle. Basal heat rate (Ḃ) is based on the basal metabolic rate of muscle and is function of muscle mass. Shortening heat rate (Ṡ) is a function of muscle activation, muscle fiber type and rate of muscle shortening or lengthening. Mechanical work rate (Ẇ) is the product of muscle force and rate of muscle length change. The total metabolic rate for each muscle is the sum of the rates of heat production and mechanical work.