Table 2.

Associations of preoperative features with death from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) for 1707 patients with clinically confined clear cell RCC

Feature	Definition		No. N / N (%)	Univariate Analysis		Multivariate Analysis
	Male	Female		Risk Ratio (95% CI)	P	Risk Ratio (95% CI)	P
Hypercalcemia	≥10.1 mg/dL	<10.1 mg/dL	119/1390 (9)	1.78 (1.30–2.43)	<0.001	1.64 (1.20–2.25)	0.002
Anemia	<13.5 g/dL	<12.0 g/dL	584/1695 (35)	2.85 (2.35–3.45)	<0.001	1.27 (1.03–1.57)	0.026
Elevated ESR	>22 mm/h	>29 mm/h	297/677 (44)	3.33 (2.42–4.57)	<0.001	1.66 (1.19–2.33)	0.003
Elevated Serum ALP	>115 U/L	>115 U/L	1163/1444 (81)	1.20 (0.92–1.55)	0.181	0.95 (0.73–1.23)	0.684

ALP = alkaline phosphatase; ESR = erythrocyte sedimentation rate.