Figure 1.

Sleep increases both veridical and false recall. Results represent combined performance in both college populations (see Supplementary Information for individual college statistics). (A) Increased recall of studied words (overall and corrected recall); (B) increased recall of critical words (strongly semantically associated, but unstudied words). Note that sleep did not increase false recall of words other than the critical word (intrusions). Error bars = s.e.m. *** P<.001; ** P<.01.