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Model of IL-1β-induced, PGE2-dependent effects on proliferation in ALI. In ALI, high concentrations of IL-1β highly induce COX-2, thereby up-regulating PGE2 production. The PGE2 (1–10 ng/ml range, 10−9 to 10−7 M) thereby produced selectively activates EP3 receptors, leading to the activation of a pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi protein, which inhibits adenyl cyclase, resulting in a reduction in cAMP and an increase in fibroblast proliferation.
