Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Dec 7.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Reprod Dev. 2009 Dec;76(12):1116–1127. doi: 10.1002/mrd.21066

Figure 3.

Figure 3

HBEGF stimulation of trophoblast invasion. HBEGF activates HER kinases to enhance cytotrophoblast (CTB) motility and invasion. Other members of the EGF family, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) have similar capacities. Little is known about the responsible downstream signaling pathways, but there are associated changes in the expression of integrins α6β4 and α1β1 (integrin switching) by CTBs. Ligation of either HER1 or HER4 can induce integrin switching.