Table 1.

Prevalence of mutations conferring resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in P. vivax and P. falciparum and chloroquine in P. falciparum isolates from Bannu district, Pakistan

Species	Gene	Codon and mutation*	Percentage
P. vivax	Pvdhfr	F57L	1.7
		S58R	19.0
		S117N	93.5
P. falciparum	Pfdhfr	C59R	100.0
		S108N	100.0
	Pfdhps	A437G	31.8
	Pfcrt	K76T	100.0
	PfmdrI	N86Y	32.8
		N1042D	8.7

^*Mutations were not detected in Pvdhfr codons 13, 33, 61, and 173 and in Pvdhps codons 383 and 553 of P. vivax. Similarly, no mutations were observed in Pfdhfr codons 16, 50, 51, and 164, in Pfdhps codons 436, 540, 581, and 613, and in PfmdrI codon 1246 of P. falciparum.