Expression of Twist1 in response to profibrotic GFs in primary RLFs. A: RLFs, maintained in 0.5% FBS, were incubated with 10 ng/ml of the indicated GFs for 16 hours at 37°C. RNA was isolated and subjected to qRT-PCR of Twist1 mRNA, normalized to PPIA mRNA. Data, expressed as fold increase over baseline, represent mean ± SEM, n = 6–8. ∗P < 0.05; ∗∗P < 0.01. B: Adherent RLFs were incubated with 10 ng/ml of the indicated GFs for 16 hours and processed for indirect immunofluorescence using affinity-purified rabbit IgG against Twist1 and DAPI. Bar = 10 μm. C: Twist1 nuclear staining fluorescence intensity was quantitated as described in Materials and Methods. Data represent mean ± SEM from >80 cells from at least three independent experiments. ∗P < 0.005; ∗∗P < 0.001.