Figure 5.

The effects of C93 on cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis in JAR and JEG3 cell lines. A: DNA flow cytometry analysis shows that the cell cycle distribution of choriocarcinoma cells is not altered after C93 treatment. In contrast, the late apoptotic cells, as defined by the subG₁ fraction, significantly increase 48 hours after C93 treatment. B: The percentage of early apoptotic cells as detected by positive Annexin V staining increase in a time-dependent manner. DMSO was used as the negative control. C: Western blot analysis demonstrates the cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP (asterisks) is detected as early as 4 hours after C93 treatment in both cell lines. The upper bands in both caspase-9 and PARP represent the uncleaved forms of the proteins. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was used as the loading control.