Time course of ANP’s effect on VEGF-induced leakage. ARPE-19 cells were grown to confluence, and TEER values were measured after ANP incubation or preincubation treatments. A: Cells were incubated with VEGF (10 ng/ml) or VEGF + ANP (1 μmol/L). Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 3 in each group; *P < 0.05. B: Cells were preincubated with ANP, and subsequently, the medium was removed and the cells were then incubated with VEGF-containing medium. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 3 in each group; *P < 0.05.