Table 1.
Fat metabolism genes and expression in nondiapausing females of Culex pipiens and females in early diapause, in late diapause, and after diapause was broken
| Putative Gene ID | C. pipiens Gene ID | Accession No. | Putative Physiological Process (Homology, BlastN <E−6) | Average Fold Changes (SE) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ED/ND | LD/ND | BD/ND | ||||||
| Fatty acid synthesis | ||||||||
| acc | CPIJ005524 | GQ232408 | Acetyl-CoA carboxylase | 1.1 (0.8) | 4.1 (0.3) | −7.9 (6.7) | ||
| fas-1 | CPIJ005595 | GQ232409 | Fatty acid synthase S-acetyltransferase | 2.2 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.1) | 1.9 (0.4) | ||
| fas-2 | CPIJ003494 | GQ232410 | Fatty acid synthase S-acetyltransferase | 3.7 (2.1) | 4.1 (2.0) | 2.0 (0.7) | ||
| fas-3 | CPIJ008367 | GQ232411 | Fatty acid synthase S-acetyltransferase | 3.7 (0.8) | 5.1 (1.0) | 2.0 (0.8) | ||
| β-Oxidation | ||||||||
| acs | CPIJ000426 | GQ232412 | Acetyl-CoA synthetase | 1.4 (0.2) | 6.7 (0.2) | 3.0 (0.2) | ||
| cpt-1 | CPIJ005329 | GQ232413 | Carnitine O-octanoyltransferase | 1.1 (0.1) | 5.1 (0.1) | 4.1 (2.0) | ||
| cpt-2 | CPIJ010031 | GQ232414 | Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase | −111.9 (98.0) | 0.9 (0.1) | 1.4 (0.2) | ||
| cpt-3 | CPIJ019087 | GQ232415 | Carnitine O-acetyltransferase | 1.3 (0.2) | 4.5 (1.0) | 1.7 (0.3) | ||
| acd-1 | CPIJ008217 | GQ232416 | Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase | 2.2 (0.5) | 2.4 (0.6) | 1.9 (0.5) | ||
| acd-2 | CPIJ016454 | GQ232417 | Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase | −5.0 (1.3) | 3.5 (0.1) | 3.1 (0.3) | ||
| acd-3 | CPIJ016451 | GQ232418 | Crotonobetainyl-CoA dehydrogenase | 1.6 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.4) | ||
| acd-4 | CPIJ009148 | GQ232419 | Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase | −52.0 (33.0) | −2.2 (0.4) | 0.8 (0.2) | ||
| acd-5 | CPIJ014783 | GQ232420 | Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase | −29.7 (2.0) | 0.6 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.1) | ||
| ech-1 | CPIJ006455 | GQ232425 | Enoyl-CoA hydratase | 0.6 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.2) | ||
| ech-2 | CPIJ013796 | GQ232426 | 3,2-Trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase | −8.1 (2.0) | 1.2 (0.2) | 2.0 (0.3) | ||
| ech-3 | CPIJ006158 | GQ232427 | Cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA hydratase | −9.4 (0.8) | 1.2 (0.1) | 1.4 (0.1) | ||
| ech-4 | CPIJ002685 | GQ232428 | Enoyl-CoA hydratase | 1.5 (0.8) | 2.8 (1.7) | 4.8 (2.5) | ||
| hcdh-1 | CPIJ006479 | GQ232421 | 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase | −9.6 (8.7) | 2.4 (0.2) | 2.4 (0.4) | ||
| hcdh-2 | CPIJ006478 | GQ232422 | 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase | 0.7 (0.1) | −3.4 (1.1) | −3.0 (2.3) | ||
| hcdh-3 | CPIJ020263 | GQ232423 | 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase | −10.1 (1.2) | 0.9 (0.1) | 1.0 (0.1) | ||
| hcdh-4 | CPIJ012030 | GQ232424 | 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase | 0.8 (0.1) | 1.2 (0.2) | 1.7 (0.2) | ||
| bk-1 | CPIJ002342 | GQ232429 | β-Ketoacyl-CoA thiolase | −3.0 (0.2) | 2.7 (0.3) | 2.9 (0.2) | ||
| bk-2 | CPIJ018065 | GQ232430 | β-Ketoacyl-CoA thiolase | −3.9 (1.1) | 3.8 (0.4) | 3.0 (0.5) | ||
| Lipid transport | ||||||||
| fabp | CPIJ013698 | GQ232431 | Fatty acid binding protein, allergen | 5.1 (1.9) | 42.2 (8.1) | 22.9 (10.7) | ||
| Lipolysis | ||||||||
| lipase | CPIJ015981 | GQ232432 | Hormone-sensitive lipase | −6.7 (2.4) | 2.4 (0.2) | −6.3 (1.2) | ||
| Polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis | ||||||||
| fad-1 | CPIJ013749 | GQ232433 | Δ(9)-desaturase | 8.1 (0.4) | −2.3 (0.3) | −2.5 (0.4) | ||
| fad-2 | CPIJ013748 | GQ232434 | Δ(9)-desaturase | 0.6 (0.1) | 1.8 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.1) | ||
| fad-3 | CPIJ013752 | GQ232435 | Acyl-CoA Δ(11) desaturase | −7.5 (0.2) | 1.8 (0.1) | 2.4 (0.1) | ||
| Nuclear hormone receptor | ||||||||
| nhr-41 | CPIJ001878 | GQ232436 | Nuclear hormone receptor nhr-41 | 1.2 (0.1) | 1.3 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.3) | ||
| nhr-48 | CPIJ016038 | GQ232437 | Nuclear receptor nhr-48 | −7.3 (0.7) | −6.7 (1.5) | −2.0 (0.8) | ||
| nhr-49 | CPIJ010249 | GQ232438 | Retinoid X receptor α | −7.8 (1.4) | 3.4 (0.1) | 3.5 (0.2) | ||
| Control gene | ||||||||
| 28S | CPIJ016534 | DQ401446 | 28S large-subunit ribosomal RNA | 0.7 (0.1) | 0.8 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.2) | ||
| rpl19 | CPIJ014540 | FJ266017 | ribosomal protein large subunit 19 | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.3) | 0.9 (0.2) | ||
Bold numbers are used to designate changes that are significantly up or down; numbers in parenthesis are SE, each n = 3. If a fold change is <0.5, the ratio value was negatively inversed, e.g., if value was 0.2, value is stated as −5.0. ND, nondiapausing; ED, early diapause; LD, late diapause; BD, broken diapause.