Fig.3.

In vivo surface, COCT and H&E stained histological images of a recurrent TCC post TURBT (A–C) and a CIS (D–F). Yellow and white arrows (B): papillary features and scar or necrotic lesions. COCT differentiation of TCC (left circle) vs. scar (right circle) was based on low-scattering and papillary features in TCC vs. ultrahigh superficial scattering with abruptly diminished underlying architecture in scar or necrotic lesion, which was nonspecific under surface image (a). Arrows (E, F): blood vessels; The morphology (e.g., LP, M) under CIS (U*) diminished. CIS (dashed circle), which was slightly reddish and nonspecific under surface image (D), was low backscattering and identified by COCT based on increased urothelial heterogeneity and less distinguishable U’-LP interface. Diagnoses of TCC/scar: COCT and histology were positive; cystocopy and voided cytology were benign. Diagnoses of CIS: COCT and histology were positive; cystoscopy and voided cytology were benign.