Table 3.
Effect of 21-day Donepezil or saline pretreatment on saline- or arecoline-induced k* responses for AA in specific brain regions.
| Saline |
Donepezil |
Saline × Donepezil interaction p-value |
Donepezil effect p-value |
Arecoline effect p-value |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brain region | Saline (n = 13) |
Arecoline (n = 11) |
Saline (n = 10) |
Arecoline (n = 10) |
|||
| Prefrontal cortex layer I | 4.11 ± 1.69 | 5.06 ± 1.38 | 4.88 ± 1.63 | 5.18 ± 2.11 | NS | NS | NS |
| Prefrontal cortex layer IV | 4.93 ± 1.60 | 5.86 ± 1.62 | 5.48 ± 1.93 | 6.70 ± 1.86 | NS | NS | 0.0487 |
| Primary olfactory cortex | 4.79 ± 1.77 | 5.25 ± 1.44 | 5.46 ± 2.00 | 5.55 ± 1.90 | NS | NS | NS |
| Frontal cortex (10) | |||||||
| Layer I | 4.58 ± 1.52 | 5.12 ± 1.34 | 5.21 ± 1.90 | 5.41 ± 1.85 | NS | NS | NS |
| Layer IV | 5.03 ± 1.66 | 6.36 ± 1.62 | 5.73 ± 2.06 | 7.23 ± 2.06 | NS | NS | 0.0153 |
| Frontal cortex (8) | |||||||
| Layer I | 4.67 ± 1.52 | 5.65 ± 1.60 | 5.23 ± 1.80 | 5.85 ± 1.92 | NS | NS | NS |
| Layer IV | 5.61 ± 1.89 | 7.25 ± 1.95 | 6.09 ± 2.29 | 7.82 ± 2.15 | NS | NS | 0.0102 |
| Pyriform cortex | 3.94 ± 1.34 | 4.81 ± 1.17 | 3.81 ± 2.37 | 5.28 ± 1.83 | NS | NS | 0.0289 |
| Anterior cingulate cortex | 5.37 ± 1.83 | 7.21 ± 1.61 | 6.16 ± 2.20 | 7.99 ± 2.04 | NS | NS | 0.0030 |
| Motor cortex | |||||||
| Layer I | 4.44 ± 1.56 | 5.53 ± 1.49 | 5.12 ± 1.78 | 5.74 ± 1.92 | NS | NS | NS |
| Layer II - III | 4.71 ± 1.50 | 6.23 ± 1.80 | 5.47 ± 2.00 | 6.87 ± 2.08 | NS | NS | 0.0121 |
| Layer IV | 5.49 ± 1.76 | 8.02 ± 2.27 | 6.13 ± 2.34 | 8.81 ± 2.30 | NS | NS | 0.0003 |
| Layer V | 4.92 ± 1.51 | 6.51 ± 1.71 | 5.60 ± 1.92 | 7.27 ± 2.01 | NS | NS | 0.0043 |
| Layer VI | 5.10 ± 1.54 | 6.60 ± 1.78 | 5.78 ± 2.06 | 7.57 ± 2.15 | NS | NS | 0.0060 |
| Somatosensory cortex | |||||||
| Layer I | 4.67 ± 1.42 | 5.51 ± 1.54 | 5.44 ± 1.97 | 6.05 ± 2.09 | NS | NS | NS |
| Layer II - III | 4.94 ± 1.59 | 6.07 ± 1.64 | 5.66 ± 2.09 | 6.67 ± 1.09 | NS | NS | 0.0356 |
| Layer IV | 5.69 ± 1.81 | 7.39 ± 1.87 | 6.29 ± 2.27 | 8.19 ± 2.29 | NS | NS | 0.0061 |
| Layer V | 4.99 ± 1.58 | 6.12 ± 1.67 | 5.62 ± 2.02 | 7.55 ± 1.92 | NS | NS | 0.0156 |
| Layer VI | 5.11 ± 1.60 | 6.52 ± 1.80 | 5.81 ± 2.00 | 7.33 ± 2.05 | NS | NS | 0.0126 |
| Auditory cortex | |||||||
| Layer I | 4.49 ± 1.45 | 5.18 ± 1.70 | 4.74 ± 1.06 | 5.88 ± 1.25 | NS | NS | 0.0371 |
| Layer IV | 5.13 ± 1.79 | 6.37 ± 2.01 | 5.44 ± 1.54 | 7.08 ± 1.77 | NS | NS | 0.0115 |
| Layer VI | 4.59 ± 1.47 | 5.95 ± 1.72 | 4.56 ± 1.15 | 5.41 ± 1.30 | NS | NS | 0.0152 |
| Visual cortex | |||||||
| Layer I | 4.45 ± 1.32 | 5.19 ± 1.63 | 4.43 ± 0.73 | 5.78 ± 0.82 | NS | NS | 0.0100 |
| Layer IV | 5.05 ± 1.81 | 6.63 ± 2.01 | 5.18 ± 1.12 | 7.38 ± 1.40 | NS | NS | 0.0005 |
| Layer VI | 4.82 ± 1.63 | 5.97 ± 1.95 | 4.90 ± 0.96 | 6.82 ± 1.55 | NS | NS | 0.0027 |
| Preoptic area (LPO/MPO) | 4.46 ± 1.28 | 4.38 ± 1.91 | 5.15 ± 1.74 | 4.86 ± 1.84 | NS | NS | NS |
| Suprachiasmatic nu | 4.54 ± 1.28 | 4.23 ± 1.79 | 5.12 ± 1.60 | 4.89 ± 1.76 | NS | NS | NS |
| Globus pallidus | 4.18 ± 1.54 | 4.74 ± 1.24 | 4.97 ± 1.60 | 5.03 ± 1.86 | NS | NS | NS |
| Bed nu stria terminalis | 3.95 ± 1.49 | 4.29 ± 1.01 | 4.87 ± 1.44 | 4.74 ± 1.80 | NS | NS | NS |
| Olfactory tubercle | 4.79 ± 1.64 | 5.49 ± 1.33 | 4.49 ± 2.12 | 6.85 ± 1.92 | NS | NS | 0.0065 |
| Diagonal band dorsal | 5.04 ± 1.50 | 5.14 ± 2.32 | 5.73 ± 1.92 | 5.88 ± 2.08 | NS | NS | NS |
| ventral | 4.97 ± 1.62 | 5.45 ± 1.54 | 5.66 ± 1.96 | 5.87 ± 2.03 | NS | NS | NS |
| Amygdala basolateral/medial | 4.53 ± 1.35 | 4.95 ± 1.64 | 4.91 ± 1.52 | 5.54 ± 1.81 | NS | NS | NS |
| Hippocampus | |||||||
| CA1 | 4.12 ± 1.04 | 4.69 ± 1.56 | 4.05 ± 1.52 | 5.14 ± 1.69 | NS | NS | NS |
| CA2 | 4.29 ± 1.19 | 4.88 ± 1.66 | 4.32 ± 1.58 | 5.27 ± 1.76 | NS | NS | NS |
| CA3 | 4.26 ± 1.22 | 4.70 ± 1.58 | 4.18 ± 1.40 | 5.10 ± 1.69 | NS | NS | NS |
| Dentate gyrus | 4.53 ± 1.47 | 5.27 ± 1.78 | 4.66 ± 1.48 | 5.71 ± 1.93 | NS | NS | NS |
| SLM | 4.94 ± 1.73 | 6.03 ± 1.86 | 5.57 ± 1.75 | 6.51 ± 1.79 | NS | NS | NS |
| Accumbens nucleus | 4.93 ± 1.55 | 5.94 ± 1.67 | 5.52 ± 1.94 | 6.33 ± 2.02 | NS | NS | NS |
| Caudate putamen | |||||||
| dorsal | 4.73 ± 1.61 | 5.16 ± 1.29 | 5.38 ± 1.84 | 5.90 ± 1.82 | NS | NS | NS |
| ventral | 4.89 ± 1.68 | 5.26 ± 1.53 | 5.41 ± 1.91 | 5.66 ± 1.97 | NS | NS | NS |
| lateral | 4.79 ± 1.64 | 5.56 ± 1.47 | 5.44 ± 1.91 | 6.18 ± 1.89 | NS | NS | NS |
| medial | 4.86 ± 1.70 | 5.18 ± 1.37 | 5.42 ± 1.85 | 5.82 ± 2.01 | NS | NS | NS |
| Septal nu lateral | 4.11 ± 1.37 | 4.43 ± 1.00 | 4.80 ± 1.49 | 4.79 ± 1.79 | NS | NS | NS |
| Septal nu medial | 5.06 ± 1.66 | 5.44 ± 1.51 | 5.53 ± 1.97 | 5.88 ± 1.86 | NS | NS | NS |
| Habenular nu lateral | 6.05 ± 2.23 | 7.48 ± 1.95 | 6.85 ± 1.87 | 8.38 ± 2.18 | NS | NS | 0.0295 |
| Habenular nu medial | 5.38 ± 1.90 | 7.32 ± 1.90 | 6.24 ± 2.03 | 8.11 ± 2.03 | NS | NS | 0.0311 |
| Lateral geniculate nu dorsal | 5.43 ± 1.94 | 6.29 ± 2.02 | 5.78 ± 1.75 | 6.74 ± 1.85 | NS | NS | NS |
| Medial geniculate nu | 5.28 ± 1.97 | 6.54 ± 2.04 | 5.66 ± 1.24 | 6.86 ± 1.96 | NS | NS | 0.0340 |
| Thalamus | |||||||
| Ventroposterior lateral nu | 5.04 ± 1.85 | 5.99 ± 1.83 | 5.67 ± 1.74 | 6.54 ± 1.70 | NS | NS | NS |
| Ventroposterior medial nu | 5.08 ± 1.84 | 6.17 ± 1.90 | 5.77 ± 1.65 | 6.64 ± 1.64 | NS | NS | NS |
| Paratenial nu | 4.83 ± 1.44 | 5.09 ± 1.34 | 5.43 ± 1.90 | 5.62 ± 1.86 | NS | NS | NS |
| Anteroventral nu | 6.13 ± 2.25 | 7.92 ± 1.84 | 7.20 ± 2.67 | 8.99 ± 2.24 | NS | NS | 0.0125 |
| Anteromedial nu | 5.11 ± 1.69 | 5.45 ± 1.58 | 5.66 ± 1.92 | 6.17 ± 1.85 | NS | NS | NS |
| Reticular nu | 5.21 ± 1.67 | 5.87 ± 1.66 | 5.85 ± 2.17 | 6.81 ± 2.01 | NS | NS | NS |
| Paraventricular nu | 4.80 ± 1.54 | 5.08 ± 1.27 | 5.49 ± 2.03 | 5.60 ± 1.80 | NS | NS | NS |
| Parafascicular nu | 4.92 ± 1.19 | 6.20 ± 1.02 | 5.60 ± 1.58 | 6.46 ± 1.66 | NS | NS | 0.0136 |
| Subthalamic nu | 5.08 ± 1.78 | 6.20 ± 1.96 | 5.93 ± 1.95 | 6.90 ± 1.67 | NS | NS | NS |
| Hypothalamus | |||||||
| Supraoptic nu | 4.44 ± 1.39 | 4.77 ± 1.09 | 5.36 ± 1.90 | 5.59 ± 2.25 | NS | NS | NS |
| Lateral | 4.10 ± 1.44 | 4.50 ± 1.04 | 4.97 ± 1.56 | 4.91 ± 1.78 | NS | NS | NS |
| Anterior | 4.19 ± 1.29 | 4.43 ± 0.92 | 5.03 ± 1.62 | 4.99 ± 1.78 | NS | NS | NS |
| Periventricular | 4.28 ± 1.15 | 4.32 ± 0.90 | 5.07 ± 1.61 | 4.96 ± 1.67 | NS | NS | NS |
| Arcuate | 4.40 ± 1.21 | 4.52 ± 1.44 | 5.03 ± 1.35 | 5.23 ± 1.64 | NS | NS | NS |
| Ventromedial | 4.45 ± 1.31 | 4.53 ± 1.42 | 4.75 ± 1.42 | 5.18 ± 1.68 | NS | NS | NS |
| Posterior | 4.68 ± 1.55 | 5.13 ± 1.72 | 4.96 ± 1.49 | 5.68 ± 1.84 | NS | NS | NS |
| Mammillary nu | 4.41 ± 1.23 | 4.73 ± 1.59 | 4.66 ± 1.15 | 5.32 ± 1.36 | NS | NS | NS |
| Interpeduncular nu | 6.65 ± 2.01 | 8.33 ± 2.17 | 7.27 ± 2.21 | 8.78 ± 1.34 | NS | NS | 0.0110 |
| Substantia nigra | 4.55 ± 1.42 | 4.85 ± 1.41 | 4.42 ± 1.20 | 5.54 ± 1.27 | NS | NS | NS |
| Pretectal area | 5.13 ± 1.76 | 6.21 ± 1.81 | 5.45 ± 1.25 | 6.73 ± 1.55 | NS | NS | 0.0214 |
| Grey layer superior colliculus | 5.10 ± 1.84 | 6.85 ± 1.83 | 5.75 ± 1.77 | 6.17 ± 1.50 | NS | NS | 0.0476 |
| Superior colliculus | 5.30 ± 1.89 | 6.19 ± 1.85 | 5.50 ± 1.23 | 7.03 ± 1.63 | NS | NS | 0.0234 |
| Inferior colliculus | 6.90 ± 2.76 | 8.72 ± 1.80 | 7.23 ± 1.48 | 9.71 ± 1.67 | NS | NS | 0.0013 |
| Flocculus | 5.49 ± 1.83 | 6.49 ± 2.11 | 5.74 ± 1.47 | 7.07 ± 1.68 | NS | NS | 0.0407 |
| Cerebellar gray matter | 4.98 ± 1.87 | 5.65 ± 1.75 | 4.98 ± 1.00 | 6.22 ± 1.61 | NS | NS | NS |
| Molecular layer cerebellar gray | 5.97 ± 2.42 | 7.63 ± 2.18 | 6.42 ± 1.64 | 8.53 ± 2.22 | NS | NS | 0.0064 |
| White matter | |||||||
| Corpus callosum | 3.56 ± 1.33 | 3.96 ± 0.74 | 4.34 ± 1.19 | 3.96 ± 0.74 | NS | NS | NS |
| Zona incerta | 4.61 ± 1.53 | 5.14 ± 1.76 | 4.82 ± 1.38 | 5.52 ± 1.43 | NS | NS | NS |
| Internal capsule | 3.37 ± 1.25 | 3.86 ± 0.70 | 4.27 ± 1.16 | 3.86 ± 0.70 | NS | NS | NS |
| Cerebellar white matter | 3.81 ± 0.78 | 3.81 ± 1.16 | 3.32 ± 1.19 | 4.41 ± 0.96 | NS | NS | NS |
| Non-blood-brain barrier regions | |||||||
| Subfornical organ | 4.34 ± 1.37 | 4.45 ± 1.04 | 4.94 ± 1.49 | 4.45 ± 1.04 | NS | NS | NS |
| Median eminence | 4.49 ± 1.28 | 4.64 ± 1.53 | 5.12 ± 1.35 | 5.22 ± 1.35 | NS | NS | NS |
Abbreviations: nu, nucleus; SLM, stratum lacunosum-molecular of the hippocampus
Each k* value is a mean ± S.D.
NS: not significant.
k* = (ml/s/g) × 10-4.
Rats were pre-treated with saline or Donepezil (1.5 mg/kg, twice daily, p.o.) for 21 days and injected with arecoline (5.0 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline. Each bar represents the mean ± SD . Statistics were calculated by 2-way ANOVA.