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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Dec 8.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Immunol. 2008;26:389–420. doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090404

Figure 4.

Figure 4

The GzmA pathway of DNA damage. ROS generated by GzmA in mitochondria drives the ER-associated SET complex into the nucleus. GzmA also enters the nucleus by an unknown pathway. In the nucleus, GzmA cleaves three components of the SET complex (SET, HMGB2, and APE1) to activate two nucleases in the complex to make single-stranded DNA lesions—NM23-H1 makes a nick, which is extended by the exonuclease TREX1. GzmA also degrades the linker histone H1 and removes the tails from the core histones, opening up chromatin and making it more accessible to these nucleases.