Number of BHK cells attached and spread on protein surfaces. The average number of attached cells per field of view through a 20× objective is shown in black, and the average number of these cells that are spread above 250 μm2 is indicated in white. The data reveal a similar level of cell attachment to each of the protein surfaces (except FN9m−10m), but few cells attached to substrates lacking RGD were spread. The experiment was performed in triplicate, and average values were determined from images captured in five locations per chip. The asterisk indicates that attachment to FN9m−10m was statistically significant from attachment to the other substrates with p < 0.0005, and the pound symbol indicates the number of spread cells on FN9, Fn9−10m, and FN9m−10m was significantly less than the that on the other substrates with p < 0.0005.