Table 3. Comparison of child outcomes between institutional and community-based care settings.
| Unweighted | Weighted1 | ||||
| Institutional children | All community children | Community children w/out bio. parents | Institution vs. community children | Institution vs. no biological parents | |
| Number of children | 1,357 | 1,480 | 658 | ||
| Positive outcomes (higher is better) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (CI) | Mean (CI) |
| Caregiver-rated health | 4.00 (0.76) | 3.72 (0.83) | 3.67 (0.83) | 0.342 (0.28, 0.41) | 0.367 (0.29, 0.44) |
| Height for age z score (WHO) | −0.96 (1.46) | −1.03 (1.29) | −1.10 (1.36) | 0.011 (−0.08, 0.10) | 0.074 (−0.04, 0.19) |
| BMI for age z score (WHO) | −0.68 (0.97) | −0.73 (1.39) | −0.84 (1.27) | 0.072 (−0.01, 0.16) | 0.113 (0.02, 0.21) |
| Cognition (K-ABC II)2 | 4.76 (1.89) | 4.43 (1.71) | 4.44 (1.83) | 0.379 (0.25, 0.51) | 0.429 (0.28, 0.58) |
| California Verbal Learning Test3 | 7.77 (2.35) | 7.22 (2.24) | 7.29 (2.24) | 0.590 (0.40, 0.78) | 0.599 (0.38, 0.82) |
| S&D Total Difficulties score (0 = worst, 40 = best) | 10.13 (6.07) | 10.93 (5.66) | 11.05 (5.84) | −0.778 (−1.18, −0.38) | −0.968 (−1.48, −0.46) |
| Negative outcomes (higher is worse) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | % (CI) | % (CI) |
| Diarrhea/fever/cough in last 2 weeks | 269 (19.9) | 603 (41.2) | 273 (41.5) | −20.6 (−0.24, −0.18) | −20.4 (−0.24, −0.16) |
| Child sick on day of caregiver interview | 79 (5.9) | 179 (12.2) | 69 (10.4) | −6.1 (−0.08, −0.04) | −4.5 (−0.07, −0.02) |
1
Weighted means and standard errors account for sampling weights and the complex survey design and are further adjusted for age and gender (standardized to the site-specific distribution of age and gender among community children).
2
Mean of three K-ABC-II subtests with responses converted to scaled scores using age-specific norms (range 0–19 with higher being better) distribution of age and gender among community children).
3
CVLT score defined as the mean number of items recalled in three administrations (range 0–15).