Table 1.
Main characteristics1 of the study sample (n = 2,139) according to vital status at the 7-year follow-up visit
| Survived | Deceased | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 1,423) | (n = 716) | ||
| Age, years | 70.9±5.0 | 74.5±6.7 | <0.001 |
| Gender, women | 60.9 | 49.7 | <0.001 |
| Current smoking | 12.3 | 15.5 | 0.04 |
| House income USD <10,000 | 56.7 | 57.6 | 0.71 |
| Body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 | 32.2 | 24.9 | <0.001 |
| CES-D score | 8.4±8.7 | 9.5±9.0 | 0.007 |
| Mini Mental State | |||
| Examination score | 25.9±3.6 | 25.0±3.8 | <0.001 |
| Asthma | 2.2 | 2.5 | 0.63 |
| Cancer | 3.4 | 7.7 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 21.0 | 33.6 | <0.001 |
| Hip fracture | 1.8 | 2.8 | 0.15 |
| Heart attack | 8.0 | 11.0 | 0.02 |
| Hypertension | 60.5 | 66.4 | 0.007 |
| Osteoarthritis | 39.1 | 35.7 | 0.13 |
| Renal disease | 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.10 |
| Stroke | 3.2 | 5.3 | 0.02 |
| Thyroid disease | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.27 |
| Number of impaired ADL | 0.05±0.43 | 0.11±0.62 | 0.005 |
| Number of impaired IADL | 0.73±1.27 | 1.09±1.50 | <0.001 |
| SAHS | <0.001 | ||
| Excellent | 14.3 | 9.9 | |
| Good | 30.1 | 26.5 | |
| Fair | 44.6 | 46.4 | |
| Poor | 11.0 | 17.2 | |
| Walking speed | <0.001 | ||
| ≥0.81 m/s | 20.0 | 12.0 | |
| 0.53–0.80 m/s | 22.6 | 19.3 | |
| 0.29–0.53 m/s | 46.4 | 50.3 | |
| <0.29 m/s | 11.1 | 18.4 | |
CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies – Depression Scale; ADL = activities of daily living; IADL = instrumental activities of daily living.
1
Expressed as means ± SDs, or percentages.