Figure 9.

CRAd-S-RGD induces autophagy of human glioma cells. (A) Electron micrographs of adenovirus infected No. 10 human glioma cells. Mock, AdWT, AdRGD or CRAD-S-RGD treated cells were stained with osmium tetroxide and then embedded. Ultrathin sections were analyzed for induction of autophagosomes. Images were captured at x4060 or x8490 magnification. Bars represent scale of 2.5 or 1 nm. The white arrow shows autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm and black arrows indicate the presence of viral particles in the nucleus. No. 10 cells were grown in coverslips and infected with 100 MOI/cell of AdRGD, AdWT or CRAd-S-RGD. After 4 h incubation, media was replaced. At day 3 post infection, cells were stained with 1 μg/ml of acridine orange following fixation with 4% of formalin. Images were captured by immunofluorescence microscope (B) or cells were trypsinized and acidic compartments were quantified by flow cytometry (C).