Table 3.

Bivariate Probit Model of Obstetric Care Utilization and Enrollment in Seguro Popular

	Childbirth in SP-sponsored facility		Enrollment in Seguro Popular (SP)
	Coefficient	Marginal Effect^†	Coefficient

Individual characteristics
Age/10	−0.038 [0.462]	−0.003 [0.037]	0.159 [0.296]
(Age/10)²	−0.006 [0.074]	−0.0004 [0.006]	−0.023 [0.047]
Primary education^¶	−0.186 [0.157]	−0.014 [0.012]	0.267 [0.105]^*
Secondary education^¶	−0.286 [0.168]⁺	−0.021 [0.011]⁺	0.298 [0.112]^**
University education^¶	−0.195 [0.188]	−0.014 [0.012]	−0.115 [0.127]
Married^¶	0.170 [0.105]	0.012 [0.007]⁺	0.085 [0.064]
Speaks indigenous language^¶	−0.103 [0.106]	−0.008 [0.007]	−0.287 [0.059]^**
Parity	−0.009 [0.021]	−0.001 [0.002]	0.009 [0.010]
Reported depression^¶	0.086 [0.112]	0.007 [0.010]	0.099 [0.078]
Reported diabetes^¶	0.163 [0.261]	0.015 [0.027]	0.453 [0.201]^*
Reported high blood pressure^¶	−0.055 [0.112]	−0.004 [0.008]	0.107 [0.074]
Household characteristics
Enrollment in Seguro Popular^¶	2.153 [0.319]^**	0.430 [0.117]^**
Household in rural locality^¶	0.005 [0.103]	0.0004 [0.008]	0.323 [0.057]^**
Family with children ≤ 7 years old^¶	−0.096 [0.121]	−0.008 [0.011]	−0.082 [0.084]
Asset Index	−0.042 [0.051]	−0.003 [0.004]	−0.012 [0.034]
Locality and state characteristics
Proportion of households with Seguridad Social^§	2.950 [0.537]^**	0.234 [0.0523]^**	−2.386 [0.378]^**
Health centers per 100 women	−0.020 [0.064]	−0.002 [0.005]	0.204 [0.038]^**
State incorporated into SP by 2002^‡			0.296 [0.065]^**
State incorporated into SP by 2003^‡			−0.158 [0.084]⁺
State incorporated into SP by 2004^‡			0.414 [0.120]^**
Constant	−2.218 [0.730]^**		−1.745 [0.484]^**

Coefficient of correlation of error terms			−0.537 [0.232]^*

Observations	3,890	3,890	3,890

^¶

Binary variable.

^†

Marginal effects evaluated at the mean values of the independent variables (as given in Table 2). Marginal effects correspond to discrete changes of dummy variables from 0 to 1.

^§

Seguridad Social includes: IMSS, ISSSTE, PEMEX, SEDENA or other form of Social Security

^‡

Instrumental variable.

Standard errors in brackets;

⁺

significant at 10%;

significant at 5%;

^**

significant at 1%