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. 2009 Nov 3;61(1):33–39. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erp284

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Carotenoid pathway in plants. PSY, phytoene synthase; PDS, phytoene desaturase; ZDS, ζ-carotene desaturase; HPD, 4-hydroxy phenylpyruvate dioxygenase; PTO, plastid terminal oxidase; CRTISO, carotene cis-trans-isomerase; LCY-E, lycopene-ϵ-cyclase; LCY-B, lycopene β-cyclase; B-CHX, β-carotene hydroxylase; E-CHX, ϵ-carotene hydroxylase; ZEP, zeaxanthin epoxidase; VDE, violaxanthin de-epoxidase; NSY, neoxanthin synthase; NCED, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase.