Table 3.

Association between early beta-blocker use status and mortality among age groups.

Variable	OR (95% CI)	P value (interaction)
Unadjusted model*
Contraindication
Among age ≤65 years	3.94 (3.21, 4.85)
Among age 66–74 years	3.43 (2.85, 4.13)	0.14
Among age ≥75 years	2.93 (2.61, 3.28)
No early beta-blocker/no contraindication
Among age ≤65 years	1.56 (1.19, 2.06)
Among age 66–74 years	1.54 (1.17, 2.02)
Among age ≥75 years	1.30 (1.09, 1.54)
Adjusted model (excluding factors that are contraindications to beta-blocker use)†
Contraindication
Among age ≤65 years	3.74 (3.05, 4.58)
Among age 66–74 years	3.25 (2.70, 3.91)	0.11
Among age ≥75 years	2.73 (2.44, 3.07)
No early beta-blocker/no contraindication
Among age ≤65 years	1.58 (1.20, 2.08)
Among age 66–74 years	1.59 (1.20, 2.10)
Among age ≥75 years	1.34 (1.13, 1.59)
Adjusted model (all factors)‡
Contraindication
Among age ≤65 years	2.81 (2.28, 3.46)
Among age 66–74 years	2.50 (2.07, 3.03)	0.19
Among age ≥75 years	2.11 (1.88, 2.37)
No early beta-blocker/no contraindication
Among age ≤65 years	1.42 (1.07, 1.87)
Among age 66–74 years	1.42 (1.07, 1.88)
Among age ≥75 years	1.24 (1.05, 1.47)

Reference group is use of early beta-blocker.

^*Includes interaction between age group and early beta-blocker use status.

^†Includes interaction between age group and reported contraindications with early beta-blocker; male sex, BMI, white race, family history of CAD, hypertension, diabetes, current/recent smoker, hypercholesterolemia, prior MI, prior PCI, prior CABG, renal insufficiency, ST depression, transient ST elevation, positive cardiac markers.

^‡Includes all of the above variables plus systolic blood pressure, heart rate, prior heart failure, and signs of heart failure. CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.