. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Craniofac Surg. 2009 Mar;20(Suppl 1):664–669. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e318193d5d5

Table 3.

Vasoactive exposures and risk of HFM#

Exposure/event	Cases (%) n=230	Controls (%) n=678	MVOR^*	95% CI^*
Pseudoephedrine	18.7	12.1	2.0	(1.2-3.4)
Phenylpropanolamine	2.2	1.2	0.8	(0.2-3.2)
Aspirin	6.1	3.5	1.5	(0.7-3.4)
Ibuprofen	12.2	7.4	1.7	(0.9-3.0)
Cigarette Smoking- 1^st trimester
1-9/day	10.4	5.2	2.3	(1.2-4.4)
≥10/day	12.2	12.4	1.2	(0.7-2.1)
Alcohol drinking-1^st trimester
≤2 drinks/d or ≤2 drinking d/wk	35.2	40.1	0.8	(0.5-1.2)
≥3 drinks on ≥3 d/wk	1.7	0.4	6.2	(1.3-29.2)
Diabetes	7.8	1.5	6.0	(2.5-14.3)
Hypertension	3.5	2.4	1.2	(0.5-3.3)
Vaginal bleeding^^
1^st trimester	16.1	13.0	1.0	(0.6-1.6)
2^nd trimester	3.5	0.3	13.2	(2.3-75.8)

Modified from ref 62.

Multivariate odds ratio (MVOR) and confidence interval (CI) adjusted for all factors in tables 2 and 3.